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Barbara Low : ウィキペディア英語版
Barbara Low
Barbara Low (1877-1955) was one of the first British psychoanalysts, and an early pioneer of analytic theory in England.
==Training and contributions==
After graduating from University College, London, and working as a teacher, Low went to Berlin for analysis with Hanns Sachs, and became a founder member of the British Psycho-Analytical Society. She remained active in the society, serving as librarian, and encouraging wider public involvement for the society during WWII.〔B. Maddox, ''Freud's Wizard'' (2006) p. 246〕 Having led the welcoming committee for Austrian analysts in 1938,〔B. Maddox, ''Freud's Wizard'' (2006) p. 238〕 Low supported Anna Freud and Edward Glover in the wartime Controversial discussions.〔P. King/R. Steiner eds., ''The Freud/Klein Controversy 1941-45'' (1990) 〕
Low introduced the concept of the Nirvana principle for the organism's tendency to keep stimuli to a minimum level〔J. Laplanche/J.-B. Pontalis, ''The Language of Psychoanalysis'' (1988) p. 27〕 - her use of the term in her article of 1920 being taken up immediately by Freud in ''Beyond the Pleasure Principle.〔S. Freud, ''On Metapsychology'' (PFL 11) p. 329〕

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